CEPS is an advanced steering system that uses an electric motor mounted on the steering column to assist with steering effort. Unlike traditional hydraulic systems, EPS eliminates the need for hydraulic fluid and pump, reducing weight and maintenance requirements. The electric motor provides variable assistance based on the vehicle speed and steering input, enhancing maneuverability and driving comfort. EPS systems are also more energy-efficient and can be easily integrated with modern vehicle electronics for added functionality.

The intermediate shaft in a steering mechanism is a crucial component that connects the steering column to the steering gear or rack. It serves as a linkage that transmits the rotational motion of the steering wheel to the steering gear while accommodating any changes in the steering system alignment or angles. This shaft often includes universal joints or flexible couplings to allow for smooth steering action and to absorb vibrations or misalignments. Its design ensures precise control and stability in the steering system, enhancing overall driving safety and comfort.